Activities Key Terms Quizzes Art Chapter 5 Self-Quiz
Unit 2: Cell: The Basic Units of Life Chemical Building Blocks Review
  1. 92 naturally occurring make up all matter. are the fundamental units of these elements. Atoms can be linked together by chemical to form .
     
     
  2. Covalent bonds are strong and result from sharing electron of atoms, while bonds are weak and result from the attraction of charged regions of molecules such as H2O.
     
     
  3. A few kinds of atoms ( , , , , , and ) make up most of the molecules essential for life. are carbon-based chemicals made of these elements and form the building blocks in living organisms.
     
     
  4. The 4 major classes of macromolecules are , acids, acids, and . Single small molecules, called , can be linked together to form long chains of by .
     
     
  5. Sugar monomers are called and form called .
     
     
  6. Amino acids form polypeptides and .
     
     
  7. Nucleotides form nucleic acids such as and .
     
     
  8. Fatty acids form chains of fats and .
Activities Key Terms Quizzes Art Chapter 6 Self-Quiz
Unit 2: Cell: The Basic Units of Life Cell Structure and Compartments Review
  1. Cells are the basic units of life. All cells are enclosed by a plasma that consists of a bilayer and embedded . Phospholipids contain a glycerol molecule linked to phosphate heads and fatty acid tails. Some membrane proteins form to move large molecules across the membrane, and some have attached .
     
     
  2. An eukaryotic cell contains membrane structures known as .
     
     
  3. The nucleus is surrounded by a double bilayer called the nuclear with nany nuclear . The nucleus contains , which serves as the blueprint for all cellular activity.
     
     
  4. The (ER) is directly connected to the outer membrane of the nucleus. Rough ER have attached and produce , whereas smooth ER produce and bud off into to transport molecules to other organelles.
     
     
  5. The apparatus sorts proteins and lipids produced in the ER to other parts of the cell, or to be secreted, through .
     
     
  6. Sites of intracellular digestion are the in animal cells and the in fungus and plant cells.
     
     
  7. Plants produce sugars, mainly glucose, from carbon dioxide and with energy from the sun. This process, called , takes place in the chloroplast and releases . Pigments such as chlorophyll absorb blue and red light to capture solar energy, and reflect green light.
     
     
  8. The power plant of the cell is the , where the universal energy currency, , is produced from the breakdown of sugars. This process consumes and releases carbon and water, and is called cellular .
     
     
  9. The is an internal system of specialized cell proteins and filaments that supports the cell, and is made of and actin filaments.
     
     
  10. Review: eukaryotic cell
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